SOS应答对质粒介导的qnr耐药基因表达调控机制的研究进展

SOS应答是普遍存在于细菌中的一种低保真度的DNA修复方式。当细菌DNA受损时，大量的DNA单链堆积，SOS应答启动并诱导远距离基因表达参与DNA修复。此修复过程缺失了DNA复制的校正功能，因此SOS应答会大大增加细菌的基因突变频率从而使细菌能够更快的适应不利环境。另一方面，随着细菌耐药的日益严峻，qnr基因家族成为质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药(plasmid-mediated quinolone resistanc PMQR)研究热点。有报道发现细菌的SOS应答会对菌株的qnr耐药水平造成明显的差异性，完整的SOS应答能够使菌株MIC成倍增加。由此可以怀疑SOS应答对qnr基因的表达存在相应的调控机制，但是相关机制尚未阐明。基于此本文就SOS应答机制和qnr耐药机制二者之间的关系进行试探性的综述。     

Adrenomedullin: an important participant in neurological diseases

Adrenomedullin,a peptide with multiple physiological functions in nervous system injury and disease,has aroused the interest of researchers.This review summarizes the role of adrenomedullin in neuropathological disorders,including pathological pain,brain injury and nerve regeneration,and their treatment.As a newly characterized pronociceptive mediator,adrenomedullin has been shown to act as an upstream factor in the transmission of noxious information for various types of pathological pain including acute and chronic inflammatory pain,cancer pain,neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve injury and diabetic neuropathy.Initiation of glia-neuron signaling networks in the peripheral and central nervous system by adrenomedullin is involved in the formation and maintenance of morphine tolerance.Adrenomedullin has been shown to exert a facilitated or neuroprotective effect against brain injury including hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury.Additionally,adrenomedullin can serve as a regulator to promote nerve regeneration in pathological conditions.Therefore,adrenomedullin is an important participant in nervous system diseases.     

Ketamine in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and highly debilitating psychiatric condition that affects many young adults worldwide. This brief review summarizes the current available data about the use of ketamine as a treatment for MDD. We describe pharmacological mechanisms, dose considerations, drug interactions, side effects, and the relevancy of ketamine in the treatment of MDD.     

日间手术模式对医疗费用控制的作用机制研究

目的:研究日间手术模式在控制医疗费用方面的机制特点。方法:将2018年度出院的854例单病种患者,分为日间组(818例)和非日间组(36例),比较两组在肿块大小、年龄、住址、住院日、住院费用结构、实际费用消耗等方面的差异。结果:在年龄、住院日、住院费用方面,日间组明显低于非日间组。加上门诊相关费用后,日间组和非日间组在实际费用消耗方面差异不显著。结论:日间手术开展依赖于微创技术的发展。日间手术模式能够降低与住院日密切相关的床位费、护理费、药费等费用,但由于高值耗材的使用,同时也抬升了卫生材料费用。日间手术能够有效降低患者隐形社会成本支出。推行日间手术需要兼顾医师的工作积极性。推广日间手术与医保费用管控并不矛盾。     

Diabetes as a risk factor for periodontal disease—plausible mechanisms

The present narrative review examines the scientific evidence of the biological mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes, as a source of comorbidity. Publications regarding periodontitis and diabetes, in human, animals, and in vitro were screened for their relevance. Periodontal microbiome studies indicate a possible association between altered glucose metabolism in prediabetes and diabetes and changes in the periodontal microbiome. Coinciding with this, hyperglycemia enhances expression of pathogen receptors, which enhance host response to the dysbiotic microbiome. Hyperglycemia also promotes pro-inflammatory response independently or via the advanced glycation end product/receptor for advanced glycation end product pathway. These processes excite cellular tissue destruction functions, which further enhance pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and alteration in the RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio, promoting formation and activation of osteoclasts. The evidence supports the role of several pathogenic mechanisms in the path of true causal comorbidity between poorly controlled diabetes and periodontitis. However, further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms and to explore other mechanisms.     

长链非编码RNA在糖尿病视网膜病变发展及治疗中的研究进展

DR是世界各地工作年龄段成年人失明的主要原因，其发病机制是多因素的，分子机制尚不完全清楚。长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）被认为是多细胞功能的关键调节因子，已有证据表明其参与了DR的许多病理生理机制，本文就 lncRNAs在DR中发挥功能的分子机制及调控作用进行综述，为今后DR的防治研究提供一定的策略和方向。     

基于网络药理学预测射干治疗支气管哮喘作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学预测射干治疗支气管哮喘的作用机制。方法:通过中药系统药理学技术平台(TCMSP)检索射干化学成分,Swiss Target Prediction数据库得到射干的预测靶点,通过Gene Cards数据库获取哮喘相关靶点将射干的预测靶点与哮喘相关靶点进行映射得到射干治疗哮喘的预测靶点。通过Cytoscape(3.6.0)软件,生成射干治疗哮喘的蛋白与蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络。通过DAVID网站(基因百科全书)进行KEGG通路分析,运用systems Dock网站对预测靶标与其对应的成分进行分子对接。结果:射干活性化合物有17种,筛选出射干可能与哮喘相关的靶点74个,关键靶点共16个,包括雌激素受体α(ESR1)、蛋白激酶C-α(PRKCA)、醛糖还原酶(AR)、蛋白激酶C-delta(PRKCD)、蛋白质激酶C-β(PRKCB)等。通过KEGG通路分析得到128条通路,结合文献检索,筛选出治疗哮喘的可能通路为20条,主要分为以下四类,①气道炎症相关通路:PI3K-Akt信号通路、趋化因子信号通路、MAPK信号通路等;②气道平滑肌相关通路:Ras信号通路、Hippo信号通路、钙信号通路等;③血管增生相关通路:VEGF信号通路;④免疫相关通路:T细胞受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路。结论:射干通过多靶点、多通路治疗哮喘,其机制可能与气道炎症相关通路、气道平滑肌相关通路、血管增生相关通路、免疫相关通路的作用相关。     

鲍曼不动杆菌对多黏菌素类抗菌药物耐药现状及机制研究进展

多黏菌素类抗菌药物是多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的最后防线，但随着临床对多黏菌素类药物使用增多，鲍曼不动杆菌对其耐药的报道也陆续出现，相关耐药机制的研究成为热点。本文对近年来国内外鲍曼不动杆菌对多黏菌素类耐药报道以及耐药机制研究进行综述，以期对临床合理应用多黏菌素类抗菌药物、保持其抗菌活性提供参考。     

各国生物类似药沟通交流机制及生物类似药可互换性对比研究及建议

药品注册中的沟通交流对于控制风险、提高研发注册效率具有重要作用。对美国、欧盟、日本、韩国等国家生物类似药沟通交流机制进行对比研究,结合我国沟通交流的现状,问卷调研和专家研讨,提出完善我国生物类似药沟通交流机制的建议。各国对生物类似药的"可互换性"有着不同的界定和管理。对美欧等国家生物类似药的"可互换性"进行研究,结合问卷调研和专家研讨,提出完善我国生物类似药可互换性的建议。